idnconv2(1)idnconv2(1)NAMEidnconv2 - internationalized domain name converter
SYNOPSISidnconv2 [options..] [file...]
DESCRIPTIONidnconv2 command is an internationalized domain name converter.
idnconv2, which is provided as a part of idnkit version 2, supports
IDNA2008 only. For IDNA2003, use idnconv in idnkit version 1.
idnconv2 reads text data, converts internationalized domain names in
the text, and outputs the converted text to standard out. If a file
name is specified, idnconv2 reads the text data from the file. Other‐
wise, idnconv2 reads data from standard in.
By default, idnconv2 encodes domain names (i.e. conversion from U-
labels to A-labels). Specifying -reverse (or -r) option, it decodes
domain names (i.e. conversion from A-labels to U-labels).
Unless -noconf (or -C) option is given, idnconv2 reads a configuration
file (/usr/local/etc/idn2.conf, ~/.idn2rc or a file specified by an
option) and performs conversions according to the parameters specified
in the file.
idnconv2 can convert configuration files and zone master files for ISC
BIND. See ``FILE MANAGEMENT'' for details.
OPTIONS-in in-code, -i in-code
Specify the encoding name of the input text. Any of the following
encoding names can be recognized.
· Any encoding names which iconv_open() accepts
· Punycode
· UTF-8
· Any alias names for the above, defined by the encoding alias
file.
In encoder mode, the encoding defaults to the value of the environ‐
ment variable ``IDN_LOCAL_CODESET'' or, if it is not set, an encod‐
ing determined from the locale information. In decoder mode, the
encoding defaults to ``Punycode''.
-out out-code, -o out-code
Specify the encoding name of the output text. out-code can be any
encoding name that can be specified for -in option.
In encoder mode, the encoding defaults to ``Punycode''. In decoder
mode, it defaults to the value of the environment variable
``IDN_LOCAL_CODESET'' or, if it is not set, an encoding determined
from the locale information.
-conf file, -c file
Specify the path of idnkit configuration file. If not specified,
the default path (/usr/local/etc/idn2.conf or ~/.idn2rc) is used,
unless -noconf (or -C) option is specified.
-noconf, -C
Suppress reading a configuration file.
-reverse, -r
Specify decoder mode. idnconv2 runs in encoder mode, by default.
-registration, -g (default)
Use domain name registration protocol. This is the default behav‐
ior.
-lookup, -l
Use domain name lookup protocol.
-nomap, -M
Don't perform the ``map'' action. This is the same as ``-skip
map''.
-skip action,...
Skip actions. the following action names are recognized:
map mappings
asclower
convert ASCII uppercase letters to lowercase
rtconv conversion from Punycode to Unicode for round trip check
prohcheck
prohibited code point check
unascheck
unassigned code point check
nfccheck
NFC conformance check
prefcheck
ACE prefix check
hyphcheck
hyphen check
combcheck
combining character check
ctxjcheck
CONTEXTJ code point check
ctxocheck
CONTEXTO code point check for domain name registration pro‐
tocol.
ctxolitecheck
CONTEXTO code point check for domain name lookup protocol.
bidicheck
Bidi check.
idnconv
conversion to Punycode in encoder mode (conversion from Pun‐
ycode in decoder mode)
lencheck
label length check
rtcheck
round trip check
-whole, -w
Assumes each input line represents an internationalized domain
name. If this option is not specified, only non-ASCII characters
and their surrounding texts will be converted. See ``ENCODER
MODE'' and ``DECODER MODE'' for details.
-localcheck file, -e file
Also perform local code point check using file. IDN registries
define their own code point tables allowed for domain name regis‐
tration. Using the local check feature, you can check whether a
domain name consists of code points allowed by a particular reg‐
istry. The format of file is explained in idn_setlocalcheck‐
file(3).
-flush
Force line-buffering mode.
-test, -t
Print which language, input encoding and output encoding will be
chosen, if the same arguments are gievn to the command, and then
quit immediately.
-version, -v
Print version information and quit.
-help, -h
Print help and quit.
LOCAL ENCODINGidnconv2 guesses local encoding from locale and environment variables.
See the ``LOCAL ENCODING'' section in idn2.conf(5) for more details.
ENCODER MODEidnconv2 performs conversion line by line. Here describes how idnconv2
does its job for each line.
1. read a line from input text
2. convert the line to UTF-8
idnconv2 converts the line from local encoding to UTF-8.
3. find internationalized domain names
If the -whole (or -w) option is specified, the entire line except
for a new line character is assumed as an internationalized domain
name. Otherwise, idnconv2 recognizes any character sequences hav‐
ing the following properties in the line as internationalized
domain names.
· containing at least one non-ASCII character, and
· consisting of legal domain name characters (alphabets, digits,
hyphens), non-ASCII characters and period.
4. convert internationalized domain names
For each internationalized domain name found in the line, idnconv2
converts the names to A-labels by applying the domain name regis‐
tration or lookup protocol defined by IDNA2008-Protocol.
5. output the result
DECODER MODE
This is like the encoder mode, but they are not symmetric. idnconv2
does its job for each line.
1. read a line from input text
2. convert the line to UTF-8
idnconv2 converts the line from local encoding to UTF-8.
3. find internationalized domain names
If the -whole (or -w) option is specified, the entire line except
for a new line character is assumed as an internationalized domain
name. Otherwise, idnconv2 decodes any valid ASCII domain names
including ACE names in the line.
4. convert domain names to the local encoding
For each internationalized domain name found in the line, idnconv2
converts the names to U-labels by applying the domain name regis‐
tration or lookup protocol defined by IDNA2008-Protocol.
5. output the result
FILE MANAGEMENT
Maybe the best way to manage named.conf or zone master files for ISC
BIND that contains internationalized domain name is to keep them in
your local encoding so that they can be edited with your favorite edi‐
tor, and generate named.conf and master files of Punycode edition using
idnconv2.
idnconv2-in UTF-8 named.conf.utf8 > named.conf
idnconv2-in UTF-8 example.com.zone.utf8 > example.com.zone
SEE ALSOidncheck(1), idncmp(1), iconv(3), idn2.conf(5), idnalias.conf(5),
idnlang.conf(5)BUGS
The automatic input-code selection depends on your system, and some‐
times it cannot guess or guess wrong. It is better to explicitly spec‐
ify it using -in option.
Sep 21, 2012 idnconv2(1)
