XDEVIEW(1)XDEVIEW(1)NAMExdeview - a powerful decoder for binary files
SYNOPSISxdeview [Xt options] [-- options] [file(s)]
DESCRIPTION
XDeview is a smart decoder for attachments that you have received in
encoded form via electronic mail or from the usenet. It is similar to
the standard uudecode(1) command, yet with more comfort and flexibil‐
ity. XDeview supports the uuencoding, xxencoding, Base64 and BinHex
encoding methods, and is able to handle split-files (which have been
sent in multiple parts) as well as multiple files at once, thus greatly
simplifying the decoding process. Usually, you will not have to manu‐
ally edit files to prepare them for decoding.
If you don't really need a graphical frontend for these kinds of jobs,
have a look at uudeview(1) and uuenview(1).
After invoking the program, it will scan all the given files for
encoded data. If any of them were directories, they will be recursively
dived into. You don't need to give files on the command line; you can
also select files later from within the program. After completing the
initial scan, you will be presented with a list of files that seem like
they can be decoded properly. You can then pick files individually for
decoding.
OPTIONS
There's no real need to set options on the command line; they can also
be set from within the program. Note that options must be preceded by a
double-hyphen '--', otherwise they might be mistaken for display
options.
-d Sets the program into desperate mode. It will then offer you to
decode incomplete files. This is useful if you are missing the
last part of a 50-parts posting, but in most cases the desper‐
ately-decoded files will simply be corrupt and unusable. The
degree of usefulness of an incomplete file depends on the file
type.
-f Uses fast mode for file scanning. The program assumes that each
input file holds at most one part, which is usually true for
files in a news spool directory. This option breaks decoding of
input files with multiple articles. Also, certain sanity checks
are disabled, probably causing erroneous files to be presented
for decoding. Sometimes you'll get error messages when decod‐
ing, sometimes you'll just receive invalid files. Don't use -f
if you can't live with these problems.
-o Gives the OK to overwrite files already there on decoding. The
default is to prompt the user whether to overwrite, rename or
skip the file.
-v Disables verbosity. Normally, the program prints some status
messages while reading the input files, which can be very help‐
ful if something should go wrong. Use if these messages disturb
you.
-p path
Sets the path where decoded files shall be written to. This must
be a valid pathname, or you'll get errors when trying to decode
anything. Defaults to the current working directory.
-b This changes xdeview's policy of finding a part number on a sub‐
ject line and may only be needed in some rare cases when part
numbers are found in () parentheses as well as in [] brackets,
for example in a series of multi-part postings. By default,
xdeview uses the numbers found in () parentheses first. But if
this number indicates the file's number in the series and the
part number is given in [] brackets, use this parameters to make
the program read the other number first. This does not affect
decoding of files with only one or neither type of brackets. If
you prefer, you can also use the option as -b[]
-s Read "minus smartness". This option turns off automatic part
number detection from the subject line. Try this option if xde‐
view fails to parse the subject line correctly and makes errors
at guessing part numbers, resulting in incorrect ordering of the
parts. With this option, parts are always put together sequen‐
tially (so the parts must be correctly ordered in the input
file). Note: The correct part number found in proper MIME files
is still evaluated.
-t Use plaintext messages. Usually, XDeview only presents encoded
data for decoding. With this option set, text parts from MIME
messages and non-encoded messages are also offered. Plaintext
messages frequently don't have an associated filename, so
they're assigned a unique name from a sequential four-digit num‐
ber.
MAIN MENU
The main window of xdeview is composed of six main elements. At the top
is the Menu Bar. Centered is the File List, which lists all the files
that have been detected in the encoded data and are ready for decoding.
Left of the File List is the Status List, which describes the status of
each file. Usually, this list will show "OK" for all files, as display
of erroneous files is normally suppressed. On the right is a bunch of
short-cut buttons with the most heavily-used functions. At the bottom
of the window is the Save Path entry field, and the status bar. Each of
these items will be described individually in the following text.
MENU BAR
File Menu
Load ...
Loads encoded files. These files are then scanned for
encoded data and files; these files are added to the File
List. You can also select directories, which are then
recursively descended into
Encode Encode file(s), storing the encoded data on disk, sending
them via email, or posting them to newsgroups. See below.
Helpers
Xdeview reads information from your .mailcap and
.mime.types to perform the appropriate default action
when you hit the "Execute" button. In this dialogue, you
can configure the locations of these files.
Save Setup
Saves all current options, the input and output file
paths etc. into the .xdeviewrc file in your home direc‐
tory. This file is automatically read upon startup, so
the saved settings will be set by default in future ses‐
sions. The resource file is actually a Tcl script which
you can edit with any editor.
Quit Exits the program.
Options
Set various options that modify the behaviour of the program.
Note that most options only catch for files read afterwards.
Fast Scanning
Sets fast scanning mode. The program will then assume
that all input files contain at most one encoded part (as
it is true with files from a news spool). The scanning
engine will be sped up because it does not have to read
each input file completely but stops scanning after
encoded data has been found.
The decoder has to disable some safety options in fast mode, so
certain problems with the file will only be detected when
finally decoding the file.
Automatic Overwrite
When decoding a file which is already present in the tar‐
get directory, the user will be asked whether the file
shall be overwritten. By enabling this option, target
files will be overwritten without asking.
Desperate Mode
Usually, you will only be presented files to which all
parts have been found. Enabling Desperate Mode, you'll
also get to see the other files as well, with an appro‐
priate description of the problem in the Status List. In
desperate mode, the decoder will also try to detect short
Base64 files outside of MIME messages. This is normally
disabled, because these desperate tries to find Base64
encoding may cause misdetection of encoded data, again
resulting in invalid files.
Verbose Mode
Opens a separate text box to which additional messages
will be written while scanning the input files. These
messages are extremely helpful for finding out what went
wrong if files cannot be decoded properly.
Alternate Bracket Policy
Changes the heuristics by which the decoder tries to
extract a part number from the subject line. The algo‐
rithm usually gives numbers in braces () higher priority
than numbers in brackets []. If both kinds of brackets
are present, and their use is conflicting (for example if
both the part number and a series number are given), then
you may have to explicitely select the bracket policy. If
this option is false (default), then the "part number" is
taken from the braces (), otherwise from the brackets [].
Dumb Mode
Disables automatic part number detection by parsing the
subject line. Use if xdeview fails to pick up the cor‐
rect part numbers. Note that with the option set, the
parts must be correctly ordered in the input files. Also,
missing parts will not be detected this way.
Handle Text Files
Usually, XDeview only presents encoded data for decoding.
With this option set, text parts from MIME messages and
non-encoded messages are also offered. Plaintext messages
frequently don't have an associated filename, so they're
assigned a unique name from a sequential four-digit num‐
ber.
Auto Info
Opens up the information window whenever you click on a
file in the File List.
Remove Input Files
With this option set, input files are removed if any file
was successfully decoded from them. Use with care! UUDe‐
view only checks if any data was decoded from an input
file, but does not care about any other contents of that
input file, or whether a file also held an incomplete
attachment.
MIME Compliance
Be more strict when reading MIME input files.
Actions
Decode Decode the selected file(s).
Rename Rename the selected file(s), for example if the filename
conflicts with existing files, or if the name doesn't
meet system limitations.
Decode All
Decode all files currently visible in the File List.
Info Displays available info on the currently selected file
(if more than one file is selected, only info for the
first will be displayed). This is the zeroeth part of a
file, if available, or the header of the first part up to
the beginning of encoded data.
Execute
Runs an external program with the currently selected
file. A program is selected by first looking at the Con‐
tent-Type of the message, if available, then by checking
the file's extension. The appropriate information is
read from your .mailcap and .mime.types files (although
the handling of information in .mailcap files is cur‐
rently incomplete). If no matching type is found, a dia‐
log box pops up where you can enter any command.
List Text File
This is for the rare cases when a text file has been sent
through the net in encoded form. Use this action only
when you know the file in question is in fact a text
file, otherwise you'll get a load of trash on the screen.
Help
About A short message from the Author.
License
Displays the license under which xdeview is distributed,
the GPL. Read it, or you'll hear from my lawyers.
FILE LIST
The File List is a list box displaying all the files that have been
picked up while scanning the encoded data. These files are ready for
decoding, previewing or anything. The list can be scrolled using the
scrollbar on the right of the list.
Individual files can be selected simply by clicking on them. Multiple
files can be selected by holding down the CTRL key and clicking on the
individual files.
STATUS LIST
The Status Lists notes the corresponding status for each file in the
File List, Usually, you'll just see "OK" here; otherwise, an error mes‐
sage is shown describing why the file cannot be decoded properly. There
are the following states:
OK All parts of the file have been found, and the encoded data
looks correct on first sight. There are certain problems that
might only appear when decoding the file, but usually everything
is fine.
Incomplete
This file is missing one or more parts. If you decode this file,
the output data will be corrupt and usually unusable.
No Begin
The file doesn't have a beginning. The decoded file will be most
certainly corrupt and unusable.
No End No end was found on the file. This usually means that one or
more parts at the end are missing. The degree of usefulness of a
decoded file depends on the file type.
Error A previous attempt to decode the file has failed.
SHORT-CUT BUTTONS
The buttons on the right side of the window are short-cuts for the menu
items. Read the discussion of the Main Menu items above for an explana‐
tion.
SAVE PATH
This is the path where decoded files will be written to.
STATUS
A short message what the program is currently doing or what it expects
you to do.
ENCODING MENU
When encoding files ("Encode" from the "File" menu), a large dialog box
opens where you can set various options for the file. If you selected
multiple files for encoding, a status line at the top displays the num‐
ber of files left. The dialog itself stays open until all files have
been handled.
Filename
The current file to encode. You cannot edit this field.
Send As
The file name by which the file will be sent. Defaults to the
filename stripped of all directory information.
Use Subject
When mailing or posting, this text will be used as subject. The
filename and part numbers are added automatically, so you can
choose to leave this line empty.
Lines per File
Sets the number of encoded lines per part. Bigger files will be
automatically split into multiple parts. Use if you are posting
files to a newsgroup, or if the recipient's system cannot handle
large files. A good splitting size is 1000 lines. "0" lines
means not to split.
... Encoding
Selects the encoding method to use. If you wonder which one's
the best, you might find a clue in my article "Introduction to
Decoding".
File In (Path)
Sets a directory where to encode the file to. The encoding will
go to files with the same base name as the original file, but
with extensions of .001, .002 (depending on the number of neces‐
sary parts as enforced by the "Lines per File" setting).
Email To
Give a comma-separated list of email addresses. This option
might be disabled if your system does not allow sending of
emails.
Post To
Here you can enter a comma-separated list of newsgroups to which
the file should be posted. This option might be disabled if your
system does not support posting news.
NNTP Server
This field only appears on some systems, in the case that a news
host is needed, but none was configured at compile-time. If this
field does appear, you must enter a valid host name here in
order for posting to work. If you don't want to post the file
anyway, don't worry about it.
OK Performs the selected action(s) on this file and skips to the
next one.
OK to All
Uses these settings for each file in question (does not prompt
you for the other files), thus sending all files at once.
Next Does not encode the file and skips to the next one (sorry,
there's no button to skip backwards).
Cancel Cancels encoding and returns to the main menu.
SETUP FILE
If it exists, the file .xdeviewrc in your home directory will be exe‐
cuted in the Tcl interpreter during program initialization. It must be
a valid Tcl program, which you can use to set certain options by
default. For the Tcl-illaterate: variables can be set using the follow‐
ing syntax:
set var_name value
The following variables (options) can be set (look at the text above
for an explanation of what they're doing)
OptionFast
If set to 1, use fast scanning mode.
OptionBracket
If set to 1, use the alternate bracket policy.
OptionOverwrite
If set to 1, assume it's Ok to overwrite files without asking.
OptionDesperate
If set to 1, switch into desperate mode.
OptionVerbose
If set to 1, print progress messages.
SaveFilePath
This is a string variable with the default Save Path, where you
want decoded files to go.
EncodeMaxLines
Maximum number of lines per file for encoding. "0" for unlim‐
ited.
EncodeEncoding
Default encoding to use. "0" for UUencoding, "1" for XXencoding
and "2" for Base64 encoding.
NNTPServer
The address of your NNTP server (only needed on some systems).
Can also be set (preferredly) in your environment variable
NNTPSERVER.
RUNTIME MESSGAGES
If you have enabled verbose mode, progress messages will appear in an
own text window titled Runtime Messages. The messages generated during
the scanning phase are extremely helpful in tracing what the program
does, and can be used to figure out the reason why files cannot be
decoded, if you understand them. This section explains how to interpret
them. Understanding this section is not necessary to operate the pro‐
gram.
First, there are "Loading" messages, which begin with the string
"Loaded". Each line should feature the following items:
Source File
The first item is the source file from which a part was loaded.
Many parts can be detected within a single file.
Subject Line
The complete subject is reproduced in single quotes.
Identifier
The program derives a unique identification for this thread from
the subject line, for grouping articles that look like they
belong to the same file. The result of this algorithm is pre‐
sented in braces.
Filename
If a filename was detected on the subject line or within the
data (for example, on a begin line, or as part of the Content-
Type information).
Part Number
The part number derived from the subject line, or, in the case
of properly MIME-formatted messages, from the "part" informa‐
tion.
Begin/End
If a "begin" or "end" token was detected, it is printed here.
Encoding Type
If encoded data was detected within this part, either "UUdata",
"Base64", "XXdata" or "Binhex" is printed here.
More messages are printed after scanning has completed. A single line
will be printed for each group of articles. The contents of this line
are best understood by looking at an example. Here is one:
Found 'mailfile.gz' State 16 UUData Parts begin 1 2 3 4 5 end 6 OK
This indicates that the file mailfile.gz has been found. The file was
uuencoded ("UUData") and consists of 6 parts. The "begin" token was
found in the first part, and the "end" token was found in the sixth
part. Because it looks like everything's there, this file is tagged as
being "OK". The State is a set of bits, where the following values may
be or'ed:
1 Missing Part
2 No Begin
4 No End
8 No encoded data found.
16 File looks Ok
32 An error occured during decoding of the file.
64 File was successfully decoded.
NOTES
If you cannot execute xdeview, and it reports something like "command
not found", but are sure that the file itself can be found, check the
reference to the main file uuwish at the top of the file.
SEE ALSOuudeview(1), uuenview(1), uudecode(1), uuencode(1),
The uudeview homepage on the Web,
http://www.fpx.de/fp/Software/UUDeview/
June 1996 XDEVIEW(1)
