OSCAP(8) System Administration Utilities OSCAP(8)NAMEoscap - OpenSCAP command line tool
SYNOPSISoscap [general-options] module operation [operation-options-and-argu‐
ments]
DESCRIPTIONoscap is Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) toolkit based on
OpenSCAP library. It provides various functions for different SCAP
specifications(modules).
OpenSCAP tool claims to provide capabilities of Authenticated Configu‐
ration Scanner and Authenticated Vulnerability Scanner as defined by
The National Institute of Standards and Technology.
GENERAL OPTIONS-V, --version
Print supported SCAP specification, location of schema files,
schematron files, CPE files, probes and supported OVAL objects.
Displays a list of inbuilt CPE names.
-h, --help
Help screen.
MODULES
info Determine type and print information about a file.
xccdf The eXtensible Configuration Checklist Description Format.
oval Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language.
ds SCAP Data Stream
cpe Common Platform Enumeration.
cvss Common Vulnerability Scoring System
cve Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
INFO OPERATIONS
any-scap-file.xml
This module prints information about SCAP content in a file
specified on a command line. It determines SCAP content type,
specification version, date of creation, date of import and so
on. Info module doesn't require any additional opperation
switch.
For XCCDF or Datastream files, info module prints out IDs of
incorporated profiles, components, and datastreams. These IDs
can be used to specify the target for evaluation. Use options
--profile, --xccdf-id (or --oval-id), and --datastream-id
respectively.
XCCDF OPERATIONS
eval [options] INPUT_FILE [oval-definitions-files]
Perform evaluation of XCCDF document file given as INPUT_FILE.
Print result of each rule to standard output, including rule
title, rule id and security identifier(CVE, CCE). Optionally you
can give a source datastream as the INPUT_FILE instead of an
XCCDF file (see --datastream-id).
oscap returns 0 if all rules pass. If there is an error during
evaluation, the return code is 1. If there is at least one rule
with either fail or unknown result, oscap-scan finishes with
return code 2.
Unless --skip-valid is used, the INPUT_FILE is validated using
XSD schemas (depending on document type of INPUT_FILE) and
rejected if invalid.
You may specify OVAL Definition files as the last parameter,
XCCDF evaluation will then proceed only with those specified
files. Otherwise, when oval-definitions-files parameter is miss‐
ing, oscap tool will try to load all OVAL Definition files ref‐
erenced from XCCDF automatically (search in the same path as
XCCDF).
--profile PROFILE
Select a particular profile from XCCDF document.
--tailoring-file TAILORING_FILE
Use given file for XCCDF tailoring. If both --tailoring-
file and --tailoring-id are specified, --tailoring files
takes priority!
--tailoring-id COMPONENT_ID
Use component of given ID (in input source datastream)
for XCCDF tailoring. If both --tailoring-file and --tai‐
loring-id are specified, --tailoring files takes prior‐
ity!
--cpe CPE_FILE
Use given CPE dictionary or language (auto-detected) for
applicability checks. (Some CPE names are provided by
openscap, see oscap--version for Inbuilt CPE names)
--results FILE
Write XCCDF results into FILE.
--results-arf FILE
Writes results to a given FILE in Asset Reporting Format.
It is recommended to use this option instead of --results
when dealing with datastreams.
--report FILE
Write HTML report into FILE. You also have to specify
--results for this feature to work. Please see --oval-
results to enable additional information in the report.
--oval-results
Generate OVAL Result file for each OVAL session used for
evaluation. File with name 'original-oval-definitions-
filename.result.xml' will be generated for each refer‐
enced OVAL file in current working directory. This option
(in conjunction with the --report option) also enables
inclusion of additional OVAL information in the XCCDF
report. To change the directory where OVAL files are gen‐
erated change the CWD using the `cd` command.
--check-engine-results
After evaluation is finished, each loaded check engine
plugin is asked to export its results. The export itself
is plugin specific, please refer to documentation of the
plugin for more details.
--export-variables
Generate OVAL Variables documents which contain external
variables' values that were provided to the OVAL checking
engine during evaluation. The filename format is 'origi‐
nal-oval-definitions-filename-session-index.variables-
variables-index.xml'.
--datastream-id ID
Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given
datastream collection. If not given the first datastream
is used. Only applies if you give source datastream in
place of an XCCDF file.
--xccdf-id ID
Takes component ref with given ID from checklists. This
allows to select a particular XCCDF component even in
cases where there are 2 XCCDFs in one datastream. If none
is given, the first component from the checklists element
is used.
--benchmark-id ID
Selects a component ref from any datastream that refer‐
ences a component with XCCDF Benchmark such that its @id
attribute matches given string exactly. Please note that
this is not the recommended way of selecting a component-
ref. You are advised to use --xccdf-id AND/OR --datas‐
tream-id for more precision. --benchmark-id is only used
when both --xccdf-id and --datastream-id are not present
on the command line!
--skip-valid
Do not validate input/output files.
--fetch-remote-resources
Allow download of remote OVAL content referenced from
XCCDF by check-content-ref/@href.
--remediate
Execute XCCDF remediatation in the process of XCCDF eval‐
uation. This option automatically executes content of
XCCDF fix elements for failed rules, and thus this shall
be avoided unless for trusted content. Use of this option
is always at your own risk.
remediate [options] INPUT_FILE [oval-definitions-files]
This module provides post-scan remediation. It assumes that the
INPUT_FILE is result of `oscap xccdf eval` operation. The input
file must contain TestResult element. This module executes XCCDF
fix elements for failed rule-result contained in the given
TestResult. Use of this option is always at your own risk and it
shall be avoided unless for trusted content.
--result-id ID
ID of the XCCDF TestResult element which shall be remedi‐
ated. If this option is missing the last TestResult (in
top-down processing) will be remediated.
--skip-valid
Do not validate input/output files.
--fetch-remote-resources
Allow download of remote OVAL content referenced from
XCCDF by check-content-ref/@href.
--cpe CPE_FILE
Use given CPE dictionary or language (auto-detected) for
applicability checks.
--results FILE
Write XCCDF results into FILE.
--results-arf FILE
Writes results to a given FILE in Asset Reporting Format.
It is recommended to use this option instead of --results
when dealing with datastreams.
--report FILE
Write HTML report into FILE. You also have to specify
--results for this feature to work.
--oval-results
Generate OVAL Result file for each OVAL session used for
evaluation. File with name 'original-oval-definitions-
filename.result.xml' will be generated for each refer‐
enced OVAL file. This option (with conjunction with the
--report option) also enables inclusion of additional
OVAL information in the XCCDF report.
--check-engine-results
After evaluation is finished, each loaded check engine
plugin is asked to export its results. The export itself
is plugin specific, please refer to documentation of the
plugin for more details.
--export-variables
Generate OVAL Variables documents which contain external
variables' values that were provided to the OVAL checking
engine during evaluation. The filename format is 'origi‐
nal-oval-definitions-filename-session-index.variables-
variables-index.xml'.
resolve -o output-file xccdf-file
Resolve an XCCDF file as described in the XCCDF specification.
It will flatten inheritance hierarchy of XCCDF profiles, groups,
rules, and values. Result is another XCCDF document, which will
be written to output-file.
--force
Force resolving XCCDF document even if it is already
marked as resolved.
validate [options] xccdf-file
Validate given XCCDF file against a XML schema. Every found
error is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0 if val‐
idation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed due to
some error, 2 if the XCCDF document is not valid.
export-oval-variables [options] xccdf-file [oval-definitions-files]
Collect all the XCCDF values that would be used by OVAL during
evaluation of a certain profile and export them as OVAL exter‐
nal-variables document(s). The filename format is 'original-
oval-definitions-filename-session-index.variables-variables-
index.xml'.
--profile PROFILE
Select a particular profile from XCCDF document.
--fetch-remote-resources
Allow download of remote OVAL content referenced from
XCCDF by check-content-ref/@href.
--skip-valid
Do not validate input/output files.
--datastream-id ID
Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given
datastream collection. If not given the first datastream
is used. Only applies if you give source datastream in
place of an XCCDF file.
--xccdf-id ID
Takes component ref with given ID from checklists. This
allows to select a particular XCCDF component even in
cases where there are 2 XCCDFs in one datastream.
--cpe CPE_FILE
Use given CPE dictionary or language (auto-detected) for
applicability checks. The variables documents are created
only for xccdf:Rules which are applicable.
generate [options] <submodule> [submodule-specific-options]
Generate another document form an XCCDF file such as security
guide or result report.
--profile ID
Apply profile with given ID to the Benchmark before fur‐
ther processing takes place.
--format FMT
Specify output format. This option applies only on docu‐
ment generators (i.e. guide, report). Available formats:
html (default), docbook.
Available submodules:
guide [options] xccdf-file
Generate a formatted document containing a security guide
from a XCCDF Benchmark. Unless the --output option is
specified it will be written to the standard output.
Without profile being set only groups (not rules) will be
included in the output.
--output FILE
Write the guide to this file instead of standard
output.
--hide-profile-info
Information on chosen profile (e.g. rules selected
by the profile) will be excluded from the docu‐
ment.
report [options] xccdf-file
Generate a document containing results of a XCCDF Bench‐
mark execution. Unless the --output option is specified
it will be written to the standard output. ID of the
TestResult element to visualise defaults to the most
recent result (according to the end-time attribute).
--output FILE
Write the report to this file instead of standard
output.
--result-id ID
ID of the XCCDF TestResult from which the report
will be generated.
--show what
Specify what result types shall be displayed in
the result report. The default is to show every‐
thing except for rules with results notselected
and notapplicable. The what part is a comma-sepa‐
rated list of result types to display in addition
to the default. If result type is prefixed by a
dash '-', it will be excluded from the results. If
what is prefixed by an equality sign '=', a fol‐
lowing list specifies exactly what rule types to
include in the report. Result types are: pass,
fixed, notchecked, notapplicable, notselected,
informational, unknown, error, fail.
--oval-template template-string
To use the ability to include additional informa‐
tion from OVAL in xccdf result file, a template
which will be used to obtain OVAL result file
names has to be specified. The template can be
either a filename or a string containing wildcard
character (percent sign '%'). Wildcard will be
replaced by the original OVAL definition file name
as referenced from the XCCDF file. This way it is
possible to obtain OVAL information even from
XCCDF documents referencing several OVAL files. To
use this option with results from an XCCDF evalua‐
tion, specify %.result.xml as a OVAL file name
template.
fix [options] xccdf-file
Generate a script that shall bring the system to a state
of compliance with given XCCDF Benchmark.
--output FILE
Write the report to this file instead of standard
output.
--result-id ID
Fixes will be generated for failed rule-results of
the specified TestResult.
--template ID|FILE
Template to be used to generate the script. If it
contains a dot '.' it is interpreted as a location
of a file with the template definition. Otherwise
it identifies a template from standard set which
currently includes: bash (default if no --template
switch present). Brief explanation of the process
of writing your own templates is in the XSL file
xsl/fix.xsl in the openscap data directory. You
can also take a look at the default template
xsl/fixtpl-bash.xml.
custom --stylesheet xslt-file [options] xccdf-file
Generate a custom output (depending on given XSLT file)
from an XCCDF file.
--stylesheet FILE
Specify an absolute path to a custom stylesheet to
format the output.
--output FILE
Write the document into file.
OVAL OPERATIONS
eval [options] INPUT_FILE
Probe the system and evaluate all definitions from OVAL Defini‐
tion file. Print result of each definition to standard output.
The return code is 0 after a successful evaluation. On error,
value 1 is returned.
INPUT_FILE can be either OVAL Definition File or SCAP Source
Datastream, it depends on used options.
Unless --skip-valid is used, the INPUT_FILE is validated using
XSD schemas (depending on document type of INPUT_FILE) and
rejected if invalid.
--id DEFINITION-ID
Evaluate ONLY specified OVAL Definition from OVAL Defini‐
tion File.
--variables FILE
Provide external variables expected by OVAL Definition
File.
--directives FILE
Use OVAL Directives content to specify desired results
content.
--results FILE
Write OVAL Results into file.
--report FILE
Create human readable (HTML) report from OVAL Results.
--datastream-id ID
Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given
datastream collection. If not given the first datastream
is used. Only applies if you give source datastream in
place of an OVAL file.
--oval-id ID
Takes component ref with given ID from checks. This
allows to select a particular OVAL component even in
cases where there are 2 OVALs in one datastream.
--skip-valid
Do not validate input/output files.
collect [options] definitions-file
Probe the system and gather system characteristics for all
objects in OVAL Definition file.
--id OBJECT-ID
Collect system characteristics ONLY for specified OVAL
Object.
--variables FILE
Provide external variables expected by OVAL Definitions.
--syschar FILE
Write OVAL System Characteristic into file.
--skip-valid
Do not validate input/output files.
analyse [options] --results FILE definitions-file syschar-file
In this mode, the oscap tool does not perform data collection on
the local system, but relies upon the input file, which may have
been generated on another system. The output (OVAL Results) is
printed to file specified by --results parameter.
--variables FILE
Provide external variables expected by OVAL Definitions.
--directives FILE
Use OVAL Directives content to specify desired results
content.
--skip-valid
Do not validate input/output files.
validate [options] oval-file
Validate given OVAL file against a XML schema. Every found error
is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0 if validation
succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed due to some
error, 2 if the OVAL document is not valid.
--definitions, --variables, --syschar, --results --directives
Type of the OVAL document is automatically detected by
default. If you want enforce certain document type, you
can use one of these options.
--schematron
Turn on Schematron-based validation. It is able to find
more errors and inconsistencies but is much slower.
generate <submodule> [submodule-specific-options]
Generate another document form an OVAL file.
Available submodules:
report [options] oval-results-file
Generate a formatted HTML page containing visualisation
of an OVAL results file. Unless the --output option is
specified it will be written to the standard output.
--output FILE
Write the report to this file instead of standard
output.
list-probes [options]
List supported object types (i.e. probes)
--static
List all probes defined in the internal tables.
--dynamic
List all probes supported on the current system (this is
default behavior).
--verbose
Be verbose.
CPE OPERATIONS
check name
Check whether name is in correct CPE format.
match name dictionary.xml
Find an exact match of CPE name in the dictionary.
validate cpe-dict-file
Validate given CPE dictionary file against a XML schema. Every
found error is printed to the standard error. Return code is 0
if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be performed
due to some error, 2 if the XCCDF document is not valid.
CVSS OPERATIONS
score cvss_vector
Calculate score from a CVSS vector. Prints base score for base
CVSS vector, base and temporal score for temporal CVSS vector,
base and temporal and environmental score for environmental CVSS
vector.
describe cvss_vector
Describe individual components of a CVSS vector in a human-read‐
able format and print partial scores.
CVSS vector consists of several slash-separated components specified as
key-value pairs. Each key can be specified at most once. Valid CVSS
vector has to contain at least base CVSS metrics, i.e. AV, AC, AU, C,
I, and A. Following table summarizes the components and possible values
(second column is metric category: B for base, T for temporal, E for
environmental):
AV:[L|A|N] B Access vector: Local, Adjacent net‐
work, Network
AC:[H|M|L] B Access complexity: High, Medium, Low
AU:[M|S|N] B Required authentication: Multiple
instances, Single instance, None
C:[N|P|C] B Confidentiality impact: None, Partial,
Complete
I:[N|P|C] B Integrity impact: None, Partial, Com‐
plete
A:[N|P|C] B Availability impact: None, Partial,
Complete
E:[ND|U|POC|F|H] T Exploitability: Not Defined, Unproven,
Proof of Concept, Functional, High
RL:[ND|OF|TF|W|U] T Remediation Level: Not Defined, Offi‐
cial Fix, Temporary Fix, Workaround, Unavailable
RC:[ND|UC|UR|C] T Report Confidence: Not Defined, Uncon‐
firmed, Uncorroborated, Confirmed
CDP:[ND|N|L|LM|MH|H] E Collateral Damage Potential: Not
Defined, None, Low, Low-Medium, Medium-High, High
TD:[ND|N|L|M|H] E Target Distribution: Not Defined,
None, Low, Medium, High
CR:[ND|L|M|H] E Confidentiality requirement: Not
Defined, Low, Medium, High
IR:[ND|L|M|H] E Integrity requirement: Not Defined,
Low, Medium, High
AR:[ND|L|M|H] E Availability requirement: Not Defined,
Low, Medium, High
DS OPERATIONS
sds-compose SOURCE_XCCDF TARGET_SDS
Creates a source datastream from the XCCDF file given in
SOURCE_XCCDF and stores the result in TARGET_SDS. Dependencies
like OVAL files are automatically detected and bundled in target
source datastream.
sds-add [options] NEW_COMPONENT EXISTING_SDS
Adds given NEW_COMPONENT file to the existing source datastream
(EXISTING_SDS). Component file might be OVAL, XCCDF or CPE Dic‐
tionary file. Dependencies like OVAL files are automatically
detected an bundled in target source datastream.
--datastream-id DATASTREAM_ID
Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given
datastream collection. If not given the first datastream
is used.
sds-split [options] SOURCE_DS TARGET_DIR
Splits given source datastream into multiple files and stores
all the files in TARGET_DIR.
--datastream-id DATASTREAM_ID
Uses a datastream with that particular ID from the given
datastream collection. If not given the first datastream
is used.
--xccdf-id XCCDF_ID
Takes component ref with given ID from checklists. This
allows to select a particular XCCDF component even in
cases where there are 2 XCCDFs in one datastream.
sds-validate SOURCE_DS
Validate given source datastream file against a XML schema.
Every found error is printed to the standard error. Return code
is 0 if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be per‐
formed due to some error, 2 if the source datastream is not
valid.
rds-create SDS TARGET_ARF XCCDF_RESULTS [OVAL_RESULTS [OVAL_RESULTS
..]]
Takes given source datastream, XCCDF and OVAL results and cre‐
ates a result datastream (in Asset Reporting Format) and saves
it to file given in TARGET_ARF.
rds-split [--report-id REPORT_ID] RDS TARGET_DIR
Takes given result datastream (also called ARF = asset reporting
format) and splits given report and its respective report-
request to given target directory. If no report-id is given, we
assume user wants the first applicable report in top-down order
in the file.
rds-validate SOURCE_RDS
Validate given result datastream file against a XML schema.
Every found error is printed to the standard error. Return code
is 0 if validation succeeds, 1 if validation could not be per‐
formed due to some error, 2 if the result datastream is not
valid.
CVE OPERATIONS
validate cve-nvd-feed.xml
Validate given CVE data feed.
find CVE cve-nvd-feed.xml
Find given CVE in data feed and report base score, vector string
and vulnerable software list.
EXIT STATUS
Normally, the exit status is 0 when operation finished successfully and
1 otherwise. In cases when oscap performs evaluation of the system it
may return 2 indicating success of the operation but incompliance of
the assessed system.
EXAMPLES
Evaluate XCCDF content using CPE dictionary and produce html report. In
this case we use United States Government Configuration Baseline
(USGCB) for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Desktop.
oscap xccdf eval --fetch-remote-resources --oval-results \
--profile united_states_government_configuration_baseline \
--report usgcb-rhel5desktop.report.html \
--results usgcb-rhel5desktop-xccdf.xml.result.xml \
--cpe usgcb-rhel5desktop-cpe-dictionary.xml \
usgcb-rhel5desktop-xccdf.xml
CONTENT
National Vulnerability Database -
http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/ncp/repository
Red Hat content repository - http://www.redhat.com/security/data/oval/
REPORTING BUGS
Please report bugs using https://fedorahosted.org/openscap/
Make sure you include the full output of `oscap --v` in the bug report.
AUTHORS
Peter Vrabec <pvrabec@redhat.com>
Šimon Lukašík
Martin Preisler <mpreisle@redhat.com>
Red Hat Dec 2012 OSCAP(8)
