GPL(7) GNU GPL(7)NAMEgpl - GNU General Public License
DESCRIPTION
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (c) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFI-
CATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work
which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder
saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
General Public License. The ``Program'', below,
refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based
on the Program'' means either the Program or any
derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a
work containing the Program or a portion of it, either
verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into
another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
included without limitation in the term ``modifica-
tion''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
Activities other than copying, distribution and modi-
fication are not covered by this License; they are
outside its scope. The act of running the Program is
not restricted, and the output from the Program is
covered only if its contents constitute a work based
on the Program (independent of having been made by
running the Program). Whether that is true depends on
what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the
Program's source code as you receive it, in any
medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropri-
ately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright
notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence
of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the
Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transfer-
ring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty
protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or
any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the
Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or
work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that
you also meet all of these conditions:
a. You must cause the modified files to carry promi-
nent notices stating that you changed the files
and the date of any change.
b. You must cause any work that you distribute or
publish, that in whole or in part contains or is
derived from the Program or any part thereof, to
be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c. If the modified program normally reads commands
interactively when run, you must cause it, when
started running for such interactive use in the
most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright
notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or
else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that
users may redistribute the program under these
conditions, and telling the user how to view a
copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
itself is interactive but does not normally print
such an announcement, your work based on the Pro-
gram is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a
whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not
derived from the Program, and can be reasonably con-
sidered independent and separate works in themselves,
then this License, and its terms, do not apply to
those sections when you distribute them as separate
works. But when you distribute the same sections as
part of a whole which is a work based on the Program,
the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees
extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every
part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim
rights or contest your rights to work written entirely
by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to
control the distribution of derivative or collective
works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not
based on the Program with the Program (or with a work
based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or dis-
tribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work
based on it, under Section 2) in object code or exe-
cutable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above
provided that you also do one of the following:
a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding
machine-readable source code, which must be dis-
tributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above
on a medium customarily used for software inter-
change; or,
b. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at
least three years, to give any third party, for a
charge no more than your cost of physically per-
forming source distribution, a complete machine-
readable copy of the corresponding source code, to
be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2
above on a medium customarily used for software
interchange; or,
c. Accompany it with the information you received as
to the offer to distribute corresponding source
code. (This alternative is allowed only for non-
commercial distribution and only if you received
the program in object code or executable form with
such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of
the work for making modifications to it. For an exe-
cutable work, complete source code means all the
source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the
scripts used to control compilation and installation
of the executable. However, as a special exception,
the source code distributed need not include anything
that is normally distributed (in either source or
binary form) with the major components (compiler, ker-
nel, and so on) of the operating system on which the
executable runs, unless that component itself accompa-
nies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made
by offering access to copy from a designated place,
then offering equivalent access to copy the source
code from the same place counts as distribution of the
source code, even though third parties are not com-
pelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute
the Program except as expressly provided under this
License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sub-
license or distribute the Program is void, and will
automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies,
or rights, from you under this License will not have
their licenses terminated so long as such parties
remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you
have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you
permission to modify or distribute the Program or its
derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law
if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by mod-
ifying or distributing the Program (or any work based
on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this
License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for
copying, distributing or modifying the Program or
works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work
based on the Program), the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensor to copy,
distribute or modify the Program subject to these
terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights
granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing
compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation
of patent infringement or for any other reason (not
limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on
you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise)
that contradict the conditions of this License, they
do not excuse you from the conditions of this License.
If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultane-
ously your obligations under this License and any
other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example,
if a patent license would not permit royalty-free
redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
copies directly or indirectly through you, then the
only way you could satisfy both it and this License
would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the
Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or
unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the
balance of the section is intended to apply and the
section as a whole is intended to apply in other cir-
cumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to
infringe any patents or other property right claims or
to contest validity of any such claims; this section
has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of
the free software distribution system, which is imple-
mented by public license practices. Many people have
made generous contributions to the wide range of soft-
ware distributed through that system in reliance on
consistent application of that system; it is up to the
author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to dis-
tribute software through any other system and a
licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what
is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this
License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is
restricted in certain countries either by patents or
by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright
holder who places the Program under this License may
add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
excluding those countries, so that distribution is
permitted only in or among countries not thus
excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the
limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised
and/or new versions of the General Public License from
time to time. Such new versions will be similar in
spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Program specifies a version number of this
License which applies to it and ``any later version'',
you have the option of following the terms and condi-
tions either of that version or of any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the
Program does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published by
the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into
other free programs whose distribution conditions are
different, write to the author to ask for permission.
For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software
Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we
sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will
be guided by the two goals of preserving the free sta-
tus of all derivatives of our free software and of
promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE
IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMIT-
TED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED
IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK
AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS
WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU
ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR
AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY
OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE
PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAM-
AGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIM-
ITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE
OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAIL-
URE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PRO-
GRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic
and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show
the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of
course, the commands you use may be called something other
than show w and show c; they could even be mouse-clicks or
menu items---whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a
programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a ``copyright
disclaimer'' for the program, if necessary. Here is a
sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating
your program into proprietary programs. If your program
is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful
to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU
Library General Public License instead of this License.
SEE ALSOgfdl(7), fsf-funding(7).
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
copies of this license document, but changing it is not
allowed.
gcc-3.3 2003-05-14 GPL(7)
