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GNOME(1)							      GNOME(1)

NAME
       GNOME - The GNU Network Object Model Environment

SYNOPSIS
       gnome-session

DESCRIPTION
       The  gnome-session  program  launches and initializes the GNOME desktop
       environment.  This program is usually executed from your X  initializa‐
       tion  file.  If your system is configured to use gdm (the GNOME display
       and login manager) you can start your GNOME session  by	selecting  the
       Gnome login profile.

       If  the	special WINDOW_MANAGER environment variable is set, the gnome-
       session system will use that as the session window manager.   Otherwise
       it will default to your system's configured window manager.

       GNOME  is  a collection of libraries and applications.  A collection of
       these form the GNOME Desktop: an easy  to  use,	yet  powerful  desktop
       environment  for	 Unix  systems.	  You  can find up to date information
       about GNOME in http://www.gnome.org.  You  can  find  more  information
       about the GNU project in http://www.gnu.org.

       From  a	user's	point of view, the GNOME desktop consists of a desktop
       metaphor, a file	 manager  and  an  easy	 way  to  launch  applications
       installed  on  the system.  Various desktop tools are provided with the
       GNOME desktop to take advantage of a computer system.

       GNOME's desktop metaphor allows the desktop to be used as  a  place  to
       temporarily  storing  files, shortcuts to programs and documents.  Drag
       and drop is an important part of the system; we have tried to make  the
       system as intuitive as possible.

       The  session  management in GNOME will automatically restore all of the
       applications you were running when you log in into  the	system	again.
       With session managed applications, the user can turn off or logout from
       the system and when he logs in again, he will see the same  desktop  he
       had before.

       GNOME  supports themes that allow users to change the skin of an appli‐
       cation: the look of applications in the GNOME desktop can be configured
       to  look in the way that more pleases the user: it is just a few mouse-
       clicks away.  You can choose from a wide range of GTK  themes.	A  web
       site has been devoted to this: http://gtk.themes.org

ARCHITECTURE
       The  GNOME architecture addresses a number of problems and missing fea‐
       tures found on Unix systems and it  uses	 a  number  of	components  to
       achieve this:

   glib
       This  is	 the foundation library that provides portability functions, a
       collection of reusable abtract types for C programmers and a main  loop
       abstraction.	      For	  more	       information	   see
       http://www.gtk.org/rdp/glib/book1.html

   ORBit
       This is the CORBA implementation used in GNOME.	CORBA  provides	 basic
       RPC  functionality and it is the foundation for the component model and
       the compound document and document model systems.  For more information
       see http://www.labs.redhat.com/orbit.

   GTK+
       This is the GUI toolkit used by GNOME.  It works on Unix and Win32 sys‐
       tems and other ports are being worked on to lighter windowing  systems.
       You can find more information on http://www.gtk.org/

   gtk-engines
       The  GTK+ toolkit has support for changing the apperance of application
       by   providing	support	  for	themes	 and   theme   engines.	   See
       http://gtk.themes.org for a collection of readily-available themes.

   Imlib
       The  graphics  library used to load, save, manipulate and render images
       in GNOME applications.  It includes routines to do fast drawing and use
       a  limited set of colors from low-end displays.	We expect this library
       to be replaced soon with the more modern libart.

   libart_lgpl
       An imaging library used for implementing various	 high-quality  imaging
       components in GNOME.

   gnome-libs
       These  libraries	 are the core libraries that provide the uniformity of
       the applications.  They are divided  in	five:  libgnome	 (for  non-GUI
       dependant  code),  libgnomeui  (for GUI dependant code), zvt (the xterm
       terminal emulator), gtk-xmhtml (an HTML rendering engine) and libgnorba
       that implements the CORBA object activation and registry.

   libglade
       This  library  enables programmers to create their interfaces using the
       Glade GUI desginer and loading at runtime the user interfaces.

   gnome-print
       The GNOME printing architecture implements a Postscript	imaging	 model
       with  two extensions: alpha transparency and anti-aliasing (all of this
       is done by using the libart_lgpl imaging library.

   gnome-xml
       This library provides GNOME application with an API to load, parse  and
       walk an XML file.

   Docbook
       GNOME  documentation  is written in the Docbook SGML DTD.  You can find
       more  about  this  at  http://nis-www.lanl.gov/~rosalia/mydocs/docbook-
       intro.html

   GNU gettext
       GNOME  uses  the	 GNU gettext to allow applications to be localized for
       various countries and languages.

   Bonobo
       Bonobo is the GNOME architecture for creating reusable software	compo‐
       nents  and  compound  documents.	  It  was  designed and implemented to
       address the needs and  problems	of  the	 free-software	community  for
       developing large-scale applications.

       More	information	can	be    found    at    http://www.helix‐
       code.com/tech/bonobo.php3

       GNOME is window manager independant.  This means that the GNOME desktop
       and  the GNOME tools will work with any window manager.	Window manager
       can optionally provide a number of features that will make  the	user's
       desktop a more pleasant experience.  The GNOME window manager hint spec
       is available at: http://www.gnome.org/devel/gnomewm/book1.html

HISTORY
       There were two projects that lead to the creation of  origins  of  what
       became the GNOME project: the libapp project and the old-GNOME project.
       The former was a project to provide standard workstation-like  services
       to  applications.  The old-GNOME project was intended to provide a com‐
       ponent model for Unix systems.  These were projects some of us had dis‐
       cussed but never actually implemented.

       Enter  KDE,   a	project	 that  wanted to make Unix usable as a desktop
       machine.	 Sadly they chose the proprietary and non-free toolkit	Qt  as
       the  foundation for their work.	It was a giant step backwards in terms
       of software freedom[1].

       In response, the GNOME project was started later to create a completely
       free desktop environment, and various early ideas were reused.

       Early  talks  about the creation of GNOME involved some recognized free
       software leaders: Erik Troan  and  Mark	Ewing  of  Red	Hat  software,
       Richard	Stallman of the Free Software Foundation, and Peter Mattis and
       Spencer Kimball of the GIMP project.  We	 launched  the	project	 after
       considering the various alternatives that could be tried.

       The  original  call for developers, which included the team of program‐
       mers working on the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP	 [GIMP]),  the
       Guile mailing list and the free software mailing lists.	This is impor‐
       tant because the mix of people that were part  of  the  original	 GNOME
       team  had  a good background on free software issues, graphics and lan‐
       guage design.

       Red Hat created the Advanced Development Laboratories division on Janu‐
       ary 1998 (http://www.labs.redhat.com).  RHAD labs was initially created
       to help out in the development of the GNOME project.

       We made releases of the GNOME source base since the  beginning  of  the
       project.	  During  the  development  of GNOME, the group has produced a
       number of libraries and components that are useful to provide  integra‐
       tion, and consistency troughout the system.

       GNOME  1.0  was	released after eighteen months of development in March
       1999.  Updates and fixes are continously released; At the time of  this
       writing, the GNOME 1.0 series is at version 1.0.5.

       GNOME 1.0 marks the contract between GNOME developers and the user base
       to provide a stable API on top of which new applications can be	devel‐
       oped.   Software	 developers  will be able to take advantage of all the
       functions available in the library, and they can	 be  sure  that	 their
       applications will continue to work in the future.

       In  May, 1999, International GNOME support was launched: a company that
       offers contractual support for the GNOME system founded by Nat Friedman
       and Miguel de Icaza.

       In  October, 1999 an updated version of GNOME codenamed "October GNOME"
       was released with many bug fixes and improvements.  This new version of
       GNOME also included Glade and libGlade as part of the platform

       In    October   1999,   GNOME   Support	 became	  Helix	  Code,	  Inc.
       (http://www.helixcode.com) and started work on Evolution (an integrated
       groupware  solution)  and Helix GNOME (a continous updated distribution
       of GNOME for various operating systems).

       In  November  1999,  Eazel  was	introduced  to	the  GNOME   community
       (http://www.eazel.com)  founded by Andy Hertzfeld, Bart Decrem and Mike
       Boich to provide a new desktop for GNOME: the Nautilus project.

       Also in November, the Bonobo component system started to become used in
       the GNOME project, and it became the foundation for various of the most
       advanced GNOME projects.

       In March 2000, Mathieu Lacage organized the "GNOME Users and Developers
       European	 Conference" (http://www.guadec.enst.fr) in the Telecom, Paris
       school in Paris,	 France.   More	 than  a  hundred  GNOME  hackers  got
       together to discuss the state of GNOME and its future.

       In March 2000, The GNOME Steering Committee was created to overwsee the
       development and deployment of GNOME 2.0

       In May 2000, GNOME 1.2 codenamed "Bongo GNOME" was released to the pub‐
       lic.

MAILING LISTS
       There are various mailing lists used by the GNOME project to coordinate
       the development of GNOME, you can subscribe to these lists  by  sending
       mail  to	 the  <listname>-request@domain address and put in the body of
       your message the word "subscribe".

   gnome-announce-list@gnome.org
       Where general announcements about the GNOME system are  done.   A  good
       way of staying in touch with the developments of the system

   gnome-list@gnome.org
       General discussion of the GNOME system.

   gnome-devel-list@gnome.org
       Discussions on the development of the GNOME system and on writing GNOME
       applications.

   gnome-gui-list@gnome.org
       Discussion about user interface improvements for the GNOME system.

   gnome-components-list@gnome.org
       Discussions about Bonobo: the component and compound document architec‐
       ture of GNOME.

   cvs-commits-list@gnome.org
       Used to keep track of changes to the GNOME CVS source code repository.

       There  are many other lists that discuss specific parts of the project,
       for a complete list, check http://www.gnome.org/mailing-lists

BUGS
       To report bugs or suggestions you would like to see in the  GNOME  sys‐
       tem,  please use the command gnome-bug to send us information about the
       problem you are experimenting, or go directly to our bug tracking  sys‐
       tem on the Web at http://bugs.gnome.org

AUTHOR
       GNOME  has  been	 developed by a large number of free software program‐
       mers, users and enthusiasts on the Internet.  The guname program	 lists
       some of the contributors to the system.

       This manual page has been written by Miguel de Icaza (miguel@gnu.org)

				   GNOME 1.2			      GNOME(1)
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